What is HPV?
Gender papillomavirus infection is a sexually transmitted infection (IPP).Papillomavirus infection is the causal agent of human papilloma viruses (HPV).Human papilloma viruses is a group of viruses containing about 100 different types.More than 30 types of HPV are transported sexually, the genitals as well as women and men.
Most infected people do not know their disease, do not have clinical manifestations, and even spontaneously recover.
Some of these viruses are called "high carcinogenic viruses", which can cause lesions of cancer genitalia.Recent studies have confirmed the main role of HPV in the development of cervical cancer.The high risk of HPV also plays a role in vulva cancer, vaginal women and penis cancer in men.High-risk viruses include 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 52, 53, 56, 58, 59, 68, 69 these HPV types are responsible for 95-98% of cervical cancer cases.These cause growth of abnormal cells, which is usually flat and almost invisible during the usual examination compared to benign warts caused by low -risk viruses - 6, 11 types.The benign anogenital warts appear 2 to 6 months after the infection.When developing a high risk of HPV, carcinogens or cancer changes have been left over the years and is often a spontaneous cure for HPV.
The infection is most often at the age of 15-40 and affects the same women and men.For life 50 years, women have approx.80 % will acquire HPV infection.
Sexually active people are approx.50-75% are infected with HPV in their lives, and in most cases the infection does not cause disease and is spontaneously healed.
HIV-infected people are approx.90% also have HPV infection.
How to forward HPV
The infection of human papillomas is distributed through sexual intercourse.Most infected people do not show a visible manifestation of the disease, so HPV carriers are not aware of their infection and can infect their sexual partners.Occasionally, an infected mother can infect the newborn during childbirth.This can lead to papillomatosis called newborns.
Manifestations of infection
Most infected people don't know about it.HPV often does not manifest itself on the skin and mucous membranes.Some people develop sexual warts or the cervix, vulva, anal region or penis.Very rarely, these changes are directly into cancer.From infection to severe dysplasia, on average, 20 years old.Most women are spontaneously cured for 9-15 months from the moment of infection.The main manifestation of papillomavirus infection is sexual warts or pointed condylomas (VPV 6 and 11) - soft wart formations on a short thin leg, compared to colored cabbage or rooster coat of arms in other places (penis head, penis, lips, lips, vagina).The sharp condylomas appear 2-6 months after the infection.Condylomas visible during the test are detected.
Diagnosis of infection
Condyl diagnostics is based on check.HPV's high risk of camphogen and diagnosis of related changes, this is a more difficult task.Diagnosis of cervical precision diseases was based on the cytological analysis of the anointing (examination of a smear under a microscope).However, this has many significant disadvantages - complexity, low sensitivity and high blurred results.The FDA US Commission (Medicification and Food Committee) approved HPV's study by the polymerase chain reaction - PCR, which can determine 13 types of high risk of HPV.HPV PCR has a high sensitivity, easy to execute.Cytological tests and joint use of PCR tests significantly increase the efficiency of the diagnosis, increasing sensitivity to 99 to 100%.It is important that the high risk of HPV occurs well before the appearance of stream changes in the mucous membranes.
PCR research on high -risk HPV: Recommended:
- - The primary method, outside the cytology of women under the age of 30.
- - Solving dubious results of cytological research.
- - Patients under the treatment of dysplasia or cancer.
- - In the first phase of diagnostics in countries where papillomavirus infection programs are poorly organized.
- - To examine men.
Is it possible to cure this disease?
Diagnosis and treatment of STI -K should be done with a special clinic - CVD - which has all the tools needed to quickly and accurately diagnose it.
Today there is no specific drug against HPV.There are many methods to remove the condu, but the disease may return as the virus remains in the human body.For 3 months after treatment, in 25% of cases, relapse is possible.Condyl treatment requires a study of sexual partners.However, the vast majority of sexual partners are infected with HPV and is simply not visible in the disease.
Treatment of Cancer Diseases The use of chemical, physical and other methods to change the structure of the affected areas of the mucous membranes and to use drugs that stimulate immunity.In the future, HPV's annual cytological examination and determination is required by PCR.
What is the relationship between HPV and cervical cancer?
Facts only:
- The main cause of cervical cancer is high -risk papillomas viruses.
- In the case of severe dysplasia and cervical cancer, HPV is detected in almost 100% of cases.
- Identification of HPV results in a 250-fold increase in the risk of severe dysplasia.
- Cervical cancer ranks first in developing countries among the causes of women's death.
- Cervical cancer takes second place among women after breast cancer, the world-250,000 deaths per year.
- In Russia, 12,300 women receive cervical cancer each year and more than 6,000 patients die each year.
- Over the past 10 years, the average age of patients has fallen from 58 to 55 years.
- In women under the age of 29, the frequency of occurrence increased twice.
- HPV's high risk is caused by cervical cancer in 100%, 90% of rectal cancer, vaginal cancer and vulva - 40%, penis cancer - 40% and oropharynx cancer in 12%.
- The company of American cancer has been predicted in 2004, which will create aggressive cervical cancer for about 10,520 women and about 3900 women die of this disease.Most women with aggressive cervical cancer did not go through the proper examination of HPV infection.
Prevention of infection
The safest way to prevent sexual HPV infection is to refrain from sexual contact with another person.
Long -term sexual relationships with a permanent sexual partner do not give a 100% warranty on HPV infection.It is difficult to determine without special tests that your sexual partner is currently infected.
A male condom from latex, with proper use, reduces the risk of infection.
Any manifestation, such as pain or discomfort during urination, is an unusual rash, a sign of discharge of sexual relationships and immediate examination in the special clinic.If the patient has been found by Stis, you need to inform your sexual partners to perform full examination and proper treatment.This reduces the risk of serious complications and prevents re infection.